Step-by-step explanation:
A) To calculate the molarity of sodium chloride solution, we need to first convert the mass of sodium chloride into moles, using its molar mass of 58.44 g/mol:
100.0 g NaCl × (1 mol NaCl/58.44 g NaCl) = 1.71 mol NaCl
Then, we divide the number of moles by the volume of solution in liters to get the molarity:
Molarity = 1.71 mol NaCl ÷ 3.0 L = 0.57 M
Therefore, the molarity of the sodium chloride solution is 0.57 M.
B) To calculate the molarity of sugar (C12H22O11) solution, we need to first convert the mass of sugar into moles, using its molar mass of 342.3 g/mol:
72.5 g C12H22O11 × (1 mol C12H22O11/342.3 g C12H22O11) = 0.212 mol C12H22O11
Then, we divide the number of moles by the volume of solution in liters to get the molarity:
Molarity = 0.212 mol C12H22O11 ÷ 1.5 L = 0.13 M
Therefore, the molarity of the sugar solution is 0.13 M.
C) To calculate the molarity of aluminum sulfate solution, we need to first convert the mass of aluminum sulfate into moles, using its molar mass of 342.2 g/mol:
125 g Al2(SO4)3 × (1 mol Al2(SO4)3/342.2 g Al2(SO4)3) = 0.365 mol Al2(SO4)3
Then, we divide the number of moles by the volume of solution in liters to get the molarity:
Molarity = 0.365 mol Al2(SO4)3 ÷ 0.150 L = 2.43 M
Therefore, the molarity of the aluminum sulfate solution is 2.43 M.
D) To calculate the molarity of caffeine (C8H10N4O2) solution, we need to first convert the mass of caffeine into moles, using its molar mass of 194.2 g/mol:
1.75 g C8H10N4O2 × (1 mol C8H10N4O2/194.2 g C8H10N4O2) = 0.009 mol C8H10N4O2
Then, we divide the number of moles by the volume of solution in liters to get the molarity:
Molarity = 0.009 mol C8H10N4O2 ÷ 0.200 L = 0.045 M
Therefore, the molarity of the caffeine solution is 0.045 M