Answer:
d) Mikhail Gorbachev
Step-by-step explanation:
Mikhail Gorbachev was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He is widely credited with playing a significant role in the end of the Cold War, which was a decades-long period of tension and hostility between the Soviet Union and the United States.
Gorbachev implemented a series of reforms in the Soviet Union, including the policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring). These policies aimed to liberalize the Soviet political system and make it more responsive to the needs and desires of the Soviet people. Gorbachev also pursued a policy of detente with the United States, seeking to reduce tensions between the two superpowers and promote greater cooperation.
Gorbachev's policies of reform and cooperation with the West helped to bring an end to the Cold War. In 1989, the Soviet Union withdrew its troops from Afghanistan, a conflict that had been a major source of tension between the Soviet Union and the United States. The same year, the Berlin Wall, which had divided the city of Berlin since 1961, was torn down, symbolizing the end of the Cold War.
In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed, marking the end of the Cold War era. Gorbachev's policies of reform had contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union, but they had also helped to create a more open and democratic society in the former Soviet republics.
Overall, Mikhail Gorbachev is remembered as a significant figure in the end of the Cold War and the transformation of the Soviet Union. His policies of reform and cooperation helped to reduce tensions between the Soviet Union and the West, ultimately leading to the end of the Cold War and the emergence of a new era in international relations.