Step-by-step explanation:
Each option emphasizes a different aspect of a potentially broad topic.
Option A suggests that the current topic is already focused and does not require any additional narrowing.
Option B emphasizes a causal relationship between an event or series of events and the American Revolution. If the essay is about events that led to the American Revolution, this choice may be appropriate.
Option C emphasizes a specific outcome of a series of events. If the essay is about the events leading to the Declaration of Independence, this choice may be appropriate.
Option D emphasizes a rejection of monarchies in general, which may or may not be relevant to the essay's topic.
Therefore, the best choice for focusing the topic depends on the content of the essay and its intended purpose.