To make a model of the digestive system, you will need materials such as clay, paper, scissors, glue, and markers. Follow these steps:
1. Start by creating the mouth using clay. Shape it into a tube-like structure with an opening at one end.
2. Cut a piece of paper into a long, thin strip and fold it like an accordion. Attach it to the bottom of the mouth to represent the esophagus.
3. Create the stomach using clay. It should be a round, hollow shape with an opening at the top.
4. Make the small intestine using paper. Cut a long, thin strip and attach it to the bottom of the stomach. Fold it back and forth several times to create a coiled structure.
5. Make the large intestine using paper. Cut another long, thin strip and attach it to the end of the small intestine. Leave a small opening at the end to represent the anus.
6. Use markers to color the different structures of the digestive system. The mouth and anus should be red, the esophagus should be pink, the stomach should be brown, the small intestine should be yellow, and the large intestine should be green.
To describe what happens to food after it is eaten, imagine that you are eating a sandwich. As you chew, the food mixes with saliva in your mouth and forms a bolus (a small, moist ball of chewed food). The bolus then travels down the esophagus and into the stomach. In the stomach, the food is mixed with stomach acid and enzymes that break down the food into a liquid called chyme. The chyme then moves into the small intestine, where it is further broken down by enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine. The remaining waste products move into the large intestine, where water is absorbed and the waste is compacted into feces. The feces are then stored in the rectum until they are eliminated through the anus.
Finally, as you observe the different structures of your body, you may notice that the mouth is where digestion begins, the esophagus is a muscular tube that moves food to the stomach, the stomach is where food is broken down into chyme, the small intestine is where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream, and the large intestine is where water is absorbed and waste is eliminated. Each structure plays an important role in the digestive process, working together to ensure that your body receives the nutrients it needs to function properly.