d. Jewish
The early 1970s saw a new activism among young Jews, many of whom were inspired and emboldened by the stunning military victory of Israel against Egyptian, Syrian, and Jordanian forces in the 1967 Six Day War. Meir Kahane’s Jewish Defense League (JDL), founded the following year in New York as a nationalist vigilante group to resist anti-Semitism, molded itself on the Black Power movement, adopting a clenched-fist logo, organizing armed community patrols, and even calling themselves “Jewish Panthers”. The JDL attracted a small right-wing minority with its call for violent confrontations with local enemies, but it also stood at the vanguard of a growing political movement to protest the treatment of Jews in the Soviet Union.