C) nationalism.
Nationalism is an ideology that promotes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often in the form of patriotism or loyalty to one's country. While it can create a sense of unity and pride within a nation, it can also lead to exclusion and discrimination against minority groups or other nations, as well as aggressive or expansionist foreign policies. History has shown that extreme forms of nationalism, such as those promoted by fascist regimes, can lead to the abuse of civilian rights and even genocide.