B. "The white man's burden" was one of the primary motivations in the 19th century for the new phase of European imperialism. It was a phrase coined by Rudyard Kipling in 1899 to describe the supposed duty of white colonizers to bring civilization and progress to non-white people in Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world. This idea of cultural superiority was used to justify the subjugation and exploitation of non-European peoples and their lands by European powers.