Question

What is the selective advantage to having increased pigmentation (darker skin) near the equator?

Answer 1

The selective advantage to having increased pigmentation (darker skin) near the equator is protection from the harmful effects of UV radiation. UV radiation can cause DNA damage and increase the risk of skin cancer. Darker skin has more melanin, which helps to absorb and dissipate UV radiation, reducing the risk of DNA damage and skin cancer. In addition, darker skin may also help to regulate body temperature in hot and sunny environments by reducing the absorption of heat from sunlight. Therefore, individuals with darker skin are better adapted to living in regions with high levels of UV radiation, such as the equator.

Answer 2

The selective advantage of having increased pigmentation, or darker skin, near the equator is primarily related to protection against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Darker skin contains higher levels of melanin, a pigment that absorbs and scatters UV rays before they can penetrate deeper layers of the skin and cause damage to DNA. This protection is especially important in regions near the equator where UV radiation is more intense due to the angle at which the sun's rays hit the earth's surface.

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