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Italy experienced a period of political and social upheaval in the early 20th century, which culminated in the rise to power of Benito Mussolini, the leader of the National Fascist Party. Mussolini came to power in 1922, after leading a successful march on Rome, and established a fascist regime in Italy.
Mussolini's fascist government was characterized by authoritarian rule, suppression of political opposition, and propaganda campaigns aimed at creating a cult of personality around the leader. He also sought to create a corporate state, in which labor unions were brought under government control, and businesses were organized into industry groups.
Under Mussolini's rule, Italy embarked on a series of expansionist policies aimed at establishing a new Roman Empire. Italy invaded and conquered Ethiopia in 1935, and in 1939 Mussolini formed the Pact of Steel with Nazi Germany, which would eventually lead Italy into World War II.
Mussolini's regime was marked by violence and repression, including the use of concentration camps, summary executions, and censorship of the media. However, his popularity declined in the later years of his rule, as Italy's military setbacks and economic struggles began to take their toll.
In 1943, Mussolini was overthrown and arrested by the Italian government, with the support of Allied forces. He was eventually executed by Italian partisans in 1945, as the war in Europe was drawing to a close. The legacy of Mussolini's fascist regime and his aggressive foreign policies continues to be a subject of debate and reflection in Italy and around the world.