Question

Directions: Answer the following questions in your own words using complete sentences. Do not copy and paste from the lesson or the internet.

1. Discuss the following terms:

asexual reproduction
nuclear membrane
reproduction
tetrad
gene
chromosome
nucleus
daughter cell
parent cell
2. Identify the following:

a. the original cell that produces new cells through mitosis or meiosis

b. a group of four chromosomes that takes part in meiosis

c. the sex cell produced by the male

d. a unit of DNA that determines a specific hereditary trait in an organism; comes in pairs

e. a twisted and coiled strand of DNA within the nucleus that carries the codes for reproductive traits such as eye and hair color

f. the process through which organisms produce offspring; creation of a new individual

g. the creation of a new cell or organism identical to the parent; does not involve the union of sex cells

h. the cell part that holds the chromosomes and DNA that controls all cell activities

i. one of the two cells created when a parent cell divides through mitosis

j. a thin wall or covering that surrounds the nucleus of the cell

3. Identify the following:

a. the sex cell produced by the female

b. cell division in which two cells, each with the same number of chromosomes identical to the parent, are produced from one cell

c. cell division that results in the formation of four sex cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

d. a cell part that organizes the web along which chromosomes move during cell reproduction

e. a jellylike, living substance inside the cell membrane but outside the nucleus

f. the creation of a new organism through the union of an egg and a sperm

g. the union of a male sex cell (a sperm) and a female sex cell (an egg)

h. the strands of material that determine traits of daughter cells (deoxyribonucleic acid)

i. refers to any trait or material that determines characteristics passed on from the parent(s)

j. a group of molecules used as both building materials for cell growth and as a control factor for cell behavior

4. Complete the following paragraph by adding the correct terms.

Cells can make new cells. One cell can (a) ____________ into two new cells. This is called (b)__________________. The process of cell division goes through various states. First, the cell nucleus (c)________________ into two. A new cell surface membrane then (d)____________ the cell divides. The two new cells are called (e)_______________ and they are small. They will grow and become larger. They grow by getting (f)______________ from the food that is eaten. Once they grow to full size they can also (g)_____________. If cells divide more quickly than they should, or divide in the wrong way, (h)_____________ can develop.

5. Why is RNA necessary to act as a messenger? Why can't the code be taken directly from the DNA? How do some cells become brain cells and others become skin cells, when the DNA in ALL the cells is exactly the same? In other words, if the instructions are exactly the same, how does one cell become a brain cell and another a skin cell?

Answer 1

Step-by-step explanation:

Asexual reproduction: Reproduction that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.

Nuclear membrane: A double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm.

Reproduction: The process by which organisms produce offspring.

Tetrad: A group of four homologous chromosomes that come together during meiosis.

Gene: A unit of heredity that determines a specific trait in an organism.

Chromosome: A structure made up of DNA and protein that carries genetic information.

Nucleus: A membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains genetic information.

Daughter cell: One of the two cells produced by the division of a parent cell.

Parent cell: The original cell that undergoes cell division to produce daughter cells.

a. Parent cell

b. Tetrad

c. Sperm

d. Gene

e. Chromosome

f. Reproduction

g. Asexual reproduction

h. Nucleus

i. Daughter cell

j. Nuclear membrane

a. Egg

b. Mitosis

c. Meiosis

d. Spindle

e. Cytoplasm

f. Sexual reproduction

g. Fertilization

h. DNA

i. Genetics

j. Proteins

a. divide

b. cell division

c. divides

d. forms

e. daughter cells

f. nutrients

g. divide

h. cancer

RNA is necessary to act as a messenger because it is able to leave the nucleus and travel to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it can direct the synthesis of proteins. DNA cannot leave the nucleus, so it needs RNA to act as a messenger between the nucleus and the ribosomes.

Although all cells in an organism contain the same DNA, different cells have different functions because different genes are expressed in different cells. The genes that are turned on and off in a cell determine its function. For example, brain cells and skin cells have different functions because different sets of genes are active in each cell type. The regulation of gene expression is controlled by various factors, including the cell's environment and developmental signals.