Answer:
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Step-by-step explanation:
Mendel's experiments with pea plants were some of the first to demonstrate the principles of genetics. He chose to study pea plants because they had a number of characteristics that made them well-suited for genetic studies, including the fact that they had many different easily distinguishable traits, they could be easily grown and bred in large numbers, and they had a relatively short generation time.
In his experiments, Mendel crossed pea plants that differed in one trait, such as seed shape or flower color. For example, he might cross a pea plant with round seeds with a pea plant with wrinkled seeds. The offspring of this cross, called the F1 generation, all had round seeds. However, when Mendel allowed the F1 plants to self-pollinate, he obtained a second generation of offspring, called the F2 generation, that included some plants with wrinkled seeds as well as some with round seeds.
Mendel observed that the ratio of the two traits in the F2 generation was always 3:1, with three quarters of the plants having the dominant trait (in this case, round seeds) and one quarter having the recessive trait (wrinkled seeds). This 3:1 ratio is known as Mendel's law of segregation, and it demonstrates that each organism has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent, and that these copies can be either dominant or recessive.
Mendel's experiments with pea plants also led to the development of the concepts of dominant and recessive traits and the concept of a gene as the unit of inheritance. These principles form the foundation of modern genetics and have been confirmed and extended by many subsequent studies.