Explanation:
if it is between 0 and pi/2 (90°), or between 3pi/2 (270°) and 2pi (360°).
for angle = 0, cos = 1. therefore, positive.
0 <= 5pi/12 <= pi/2. therefore, positive.
pi/2 <= 5pi/6 <= pi. therefore, negative.
pi/2 <= 3pi/4 <= pi. therefore, negative.
3pi/2 <= 5pi/3 <= 2pi. therefore, positive.
you do know how to compare fractions, right ?
you need to bring then to the same denominator by multiplying numerator and denominator by the same factor.
e.g. comparing 5pi/12 with pi/2.
to bring them both to .../12, we have to multiply pi/2 by 6/6.
so, we are comparing 5pi/12 and 6pi/12.
and we see, 5pi/12 is smaller.
the others work the same way.
3pi/6 <= 5pi/6 <= 6pi/6
2pi/4 <= 3pi/4 <= 4pi/4
9pi/6 <= 10pi/6 <= 12pi/6
now you see it clearly.