To calculate the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance, you can use the equation:
Q = mcΔT
where Q is the amount of heat added or removed, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
For aluminum, the specific heat capacity is approximately 0.91 J/g°C. Therefore, for a mass of 5 kg, the total heat required to change the temperature from 20°C to 60°C is:
Q = (5,000 g) x (0.91 J/g°C) x (60°C - 20°C)
Q = 5,000 x 0.91 x 40
Q = 182,000 J
Therefore, approximately 182,000 Joules of heat must be added to change 5 kg of aluminum from 20°C to 60°C.