Final answer:
The Democratic Party was the political party that emerged under Andrew Jackson, marking the start of the Age of the Common Man and the Second Party System in American politics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The political party that emerged under the leadership of Andrew Jackson was the Democratic Party. In the political milieu of the 1820s, the United States saw the fading of the first party system, made up of Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans, and the rise of the Second Party System. Jackson's Democrats, founded in 1828, advocated for the common people, westward expansion, and opposed the establishment of a national bank. This new political force came into prominence with Jackson's presidential victory in the election of 1828, signaling a shift in American politics known as the Age of the Common Man. The Whig Party later emerged in 1834 to oppose Jackson and the Democrats, setting the stage for a two-party system that would dominate for decades, until the issue of slavery reshaped the political landscape in the early 1850s.