Answer:
d) Pathos
Step-by-step explanation:
The audience appeal used by Churchill in this excerpt is Pathos. Pathos is an appeal to the emotions and feelings of the audience. Churchill is attempting to inspire and motivate the people of Britain to persevere through the difficult times of World War II. By using phrases such as "brace ourselves to our duties" and "finest hour," Churchill is attempting to evoke feelings of patriotism, courage, and determination among the people of Britain. He wants them to feel a sense of pride in their country and to be willing to do whatever it takes to ensure that the British Empire and its Commonwealth endure.