Answer:
In Chapter 18 of "Everyone's an Author with Readings," the authors discuss the three appeals that are commonly used in persuasive writing and speech: ethos, pathos, and logos.
a. Ethos refers to the appeal to the credibility or trustworthiness of the speaker or writer. It involves using evidence to demonstrate that the writer or speaker is knowledgeable and reliable on the topic being discussed. Examples of ethos appeals include citing research studies or quoting experts in the field.
b. Pathos refers to the appeal to emotions or feelings. It involves using language and examples that will evoke an emotional response in the audience, such as sadness, anger, or happiness. Pathos can be a powerful tool for persuading an audience, but it must be used ethically and appropriately.
c. Logos refers to the appeal to logic or reason. It involves using evidence and arguments that are based on facts, statistics, and reasoning to persuade the audience. Logos appeals can be particularly effective in convincing an audience that a particular course of action is the most reasonable and logical choice.
In persuasive writing and speech, it is important to use all three appeals in order to create a persuasive argument that appeals to both the audience's emotions and their sense of logic and reason, while also establishing the credibility and trustworthiness of the speaker or writer.