Answer: One fact about the fragments that moved the farthest in the electrophoresis chamber is that they are the smallest in size.
Step-by-step explanation: Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate molecules based on their size and charge. An electrophoresis chamber is a device that contains a gel and a buffer solution, and applies an electric current across the gel. The gel acts as a sieve that allows smaller molecules to pass through more easily than larger ones. The buffer solution provides ions that carry the electric current and maintain a constant pH.
When a sample of molecules, such as DNA fragments, is loaded into wells on one end of the gel, they start to migrate towards the opposite electrode according to their charge. DNA fragments are negatively charged, so they move towards the positive electrode (anode). The smaller fragments move faster and farther than the larger ones, because they encounter less resistance from the gel pores. Therefore, the fragments that moved the farthest in the electrophoresis chamber are the smallest in size. The distance traveled by the fragments is inversely proportional to their size.
By comparing the position of the fragments with a known size standard (a ladder), one can estimate the size of the fragments in base pairs (bp). The size standard is a mixture of DNA fragments of known sizes that are run alongside the sample. By plotting the distance traveled by the standard fragments versus their log size, one can obtain a standard curve that can be used to interpolate the size of the sample fragments.
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