Asthma affects the respiratory system by causing the airways to become more sensitive to certain triggers such as allergens, irritants, and exercise. When the airways are exposed to a trigger, the muscles surrounding them can contract, and the walls of the airways can become inflamed and produce excess mucus, further narrowing the airways. This can make it difficult for air to flow in and out of the lungs, causing the symptoms of asthma.
Over time, repeated asthma attacks and ongoing inflammation can damage the airways and make them more prone to further inflammation and narrowing. This can lead to chronic respiratory problems and decreased lung function.
Treatment for asthma typically involves the use of medications such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators to reduce inflammation and open up the airways. People with asthma are also often advised to avoid triggers as much as possible and to have an asthma action plan in place to help manage symptoms and prevent asthma attacks.