Answer:
The first process is called crossing-over, which occurs during meiosis I. During this process, homologous pairs of chromosomes exchange genetic material, which leads to recombination of genes. As a result, each chromosome in the resulting gametes carries a unique combination of genetic material from the two parental chromosomes, leading to genetic variation.
The second process that contributes to genetic variation in meiosis is independent assortment. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and then separate, with each pair moving to opposite ends of the cell. The way in which these pairs align and separate is random. As a result, different chromosomes are mixed and matched in different ways, leading to a diverse set of genetic combinations in the resulting gametes.
Together, these two processes of crossing-over and independent assortment contribute to the genetic diversity of sexually reproducing organisms by creating new combinations of genes that were not present in either parent.