Answer:
Variation of traits in a population is an essential factor in the adaptation of a population to its environment. The process of natural selection favors traits that increase the survival and reproductive success of individuals in a particular environment. The variation of traits in a population provides a range of options for natural selection to work with.
For example, if a population of birds has variation in beak size, and the environment contains different sizes of seeds, then birds with beaks that are better suited for the available seed size will have higher survival rates and be able to reproduce more effectively. Over time, the frequency of the beak size that is better adapted to the available seed size will increase in the population, while the frequency of the less well-adapted beak sizes will decrease.
In this way, the variation of traits in a population allows natural selection to act upon those traits that best fit an organism to its environment. As organisms adapt to their environment, the frequency of beneficial traits increases, leading to a better overall fit between the population and its environment. This, in turn, increases the survival and reproductive success of individuals in the population, ensuring the continuation of that population over time.