One significant effect of the reforms taking place in China at the end of the Qing dynasty was the emergence of a modernized military and educational system. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, China underwent a period of reform and modernization known as the "Self-Strengthening Movement". During this time, efforts were made to modernize the military by introducing new weapons and training methods, and to establish a modern education system that included the study of science and technology. This modernization process helped China to become more competitive with other major powers, but also laid the foundation for future political and social changes.