Final answer:
The concept of fear of the unknown in a culture is defined by Uncertainty Avoidance. Minority groups are characterized mainly by a lack of power rather than just their numerical representation within the larger society. Lastly, a traditionalistic political culture views government as a means to uphold the existing social order.
Step-by-step explanation:
The extent to which a culture is fearful of ambiguous and unknown situations is characterized by Uncertainty Avoidance. This term describes how societies deal with the fact that the future can never be known: can we try to control the future or just let it happen? Cultures with high Uncertainty Avoidance try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth; 'there can only be one Truth and we have it'.
When discussing the defining feature of a minority group, the correct answer is c. Lack of power. Minority groups may not always be a numerical minority, but they tend to have less access to power and resources than the dominant group, which is the core of their definition.
In a traditionalistic political culture, the government is seen as a guardian of the existing social order, which aligns with the statement that the government is a mechanism for maintaining the status quo.
The irrational fear or hatred of another culture is referred to as xenophobia. It is characterized by negative attitudes and reactions to people from other cultures.
Cognitive dissonance causes discomfort because it disrupts our sense of consistency. When we hold contradictory beliefs or when our actions conflict with our beliefs, this psychological stress can motivate us to adjust our thoughts or behaviors to restore harmony.
The Ku Klux Klan exemplifies a counterculture, which is a sub-group of society that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture. A counterculture can take the form of an organization, a group or a movement and might push back against perceived central values of the society.
Under what conditions will informational social influence be more likely? The answer is d. both b and c. This means that individuals are more likely to be persuaded by a group when they are unsure of the correct answer, and when the group is believed to be knowledgeable or have expertise on the subject.
In collective decision-making, there is often a bias toward the status quo. It suggests that when a group has to make a decision, there's a natural tendency to lean towards options that align with current norms or conditions, rather than making a significant change.