Explanation/Answer:
Article III of the United States Constitution establishes the federal judiciary, which is responsible for interpreting and enforcing federal law. This article created the Supreme Court of the United States and authorized Congress to create lower federal courts. It also established the terms of office for federal judges and outlines their powers and jurisdiction.
The Founding Fathers believed that it was necessary to create a national judiciary because they recognized the need for a neutral third party to resolve disputes between states and to ensure that federal laws were interpreted and enforced consistently throughout the country. They also wanted to ensure that the rights and liberties of citizens were protected from infringement by state governments or by the federal government itself.
The judiciary was designed to be an independent branch of government that would be free from political influence or pressure. Federal judges are appointed for life, subject only to impeachment by Congress, to ensure their impartiality and independence.
Overall, Article III of the Constitution was essential for establishing a strong federal government with a system of checks and balances that would protect the rights of citizens and ensure the rule of law.