Answer:
1.
Both the Han and Gupta empires were known for their advancements in science, technology, and mathematics. However, while the Han empire was centralized with a strong bureaucracy, the Gupta empire was more decentralized with local rulers having more autonomy.
2. Both Rome and the Qin empire were powerful ancient civilizations that contributed significantly to the development of their respective regions. However, while Rome was known for its republican form of government and extensive conquests, the Qin empire was characterized by its centralized bureaucratic system and emphasis on legalism.
Step-by-step explanation: