Compensatory hypertrophy and compensatory hyperplasia are two mechanisms that allow an organ to compensate for the loss of tissue or function. Compensatory hypertrophy is an increase in the size of individual cells, while compensatory hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells.
It is possible for both types of growth to occur in the same organ. An example of this is the liver. When a portion of the liver is removed, the remaining liver cells will undergo compensatory hypertrophy to increase their size, and also undergo compensatory hyperplasia to increase their number, thus restoring liver function. This is why liver regeneration is often used as a model for studying tissue regeneration in general.
Another example is the kidneys, which can undergo compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to the loss of one kidney, which can occur due to injury, disease, or surgical removal. In this case, the remaining kidney will increase in size and cell number to compensate for the loss of function of the other kidney.
Overall, the ability of organs to undergo compensatory hypertrophy and compensatory hyperplasia is an important mechanism for maintaining organ function in response to injury or disease.