Answer: 1 Mansa Sulaiman was a ruler of the Mali Empire during the 14th century, and his palace was known for its impressive architecture and grandeur. Visitors to his palace would have been impressed by the intricate designs and artwork, as well as the vast courtyards and gardens.
2 Griots, Ancestor worship, Divination, and Social hierarchies
3 Hospitality: Ibn Battuta noted that the people of Mali were very hospitable and generous. He wrote about the elaborate welcome ceremony that he received when he arrived in Mali, which included a procession of horses and a large group of people who came to greet him. He also mentioned that the people of Mali were very generous with their gifts and would often offer him food, clothing, and other items as a sign of respect and hospitality.
Dress: Ibn Battuta commented on the clothing worn by the people of Mali. He noted that the wealthy people of Mali wore garments made of fine cotton or silk, while the common people wore clothing made of animal hides or coarse cloth. He also observed that many people in Mali wore a type of hat made from the skin of a certain animal, which was considered a symbol of status.
Music and Entertainment: Ibn Battuta observed that the people of Mali were very fond of music and entertainment. He wrote about the griots, who were highly respected musicians and storytellers, and the elaborate musical performances that he witnessed during his travels. He also noted that the people of Mali enjoyed other forms of entertainment, such as wrestling matches and camel races.
4 The process of learning the Qur'an was very structured and disciplined. Students would begin by learning the Arabic alphabet and basic grammar, and then move on to memorizing short passages from the Qur'an. As they progressed, they would memorize longer and more complex passages, until they had memorized the entire text of the Qur'an.
The teaching methods used in these schools emphasized repetition and recitation, with students often memorizing passages by repeating them out loud over and over again. The students would also receive instruction in the proper pronunciation and intonation of the Arabic language, so that they could recite the Qur'an with proper reverence and respect.
5 a. While Ibn Battuta generally had positive things to say about the people of Mali, there were a few aspects that he found unfavorable. One of the main criticisms that he had was with the hygiene practices of the people. He noted that they did not use soap when washing themselves, and that they did not use toilet paper when going to the bathroom. He also found the practice of polygamy to be somewhat problematic, as it often led to family disputes and conflicts.
b. Ibn Battuta had a few criticisms of the customs and practices of Mali as well. One of the main issues that he had was with the practice of animal sacrifice, which he found to be cruel and unnecessary. He also criticized the custom of circumcision, which was commonly practiced in Mali at the time. He felt that the procedure was performed in a crude and unsanitary manner, and that it was often unnecessarily painful for the boys who underwent it. Finally, he expressed some discomfort with the clothing worn by some of the women in Mali, which he felt was immodest and revealed too much of the body.
6 As a devout Muslim, Ibn Battuta's own religious convictions may have influenced his opinion of the people of Mali. For example, he may have been more critical of practices or customs that he felt were not in accordance with Islamic teachings or values. He may have also been more impressed by those aspects of Malian society that were more closely aligned with his own religious beliefs.
For example, Ibn Battuta may have been impressed by the religious devotion of the people of Mali, who were primarily Muslim at the time of his travels. He may have admired their commitment to learning the Qur'an and their adherence to Islamic rituals and practices. On the other hand, he may have been critical of practices or customs that he felt were inconsistent with Islamic teachings, such as the use of animal sacrifice or the practice of polygamy.
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