1) Gustave Moreau's painting "The Apparition" is an example of Symbolist art, which emerged in the late 19th century as a reaction against the naturalism and realism of the previous era. The painting's cultural context and visual characteristics both demonstrate how it fits within the period style characteristics of Symbolism. Symbolism focused on the inner world of the imagination, the irrational and the subconscious, and a sense of otherworldliness or transcendence. "The Apparition" has a dreamlike atmosphere, symbolic imagery, and a sense of mystery and ambiguity, all of which are characteristic of Symbolism.
2)Robert Henri was a prominent figure in the development of the Ashcan School, a group of American artists who aimed to depict the realities of urban life in the early 20th century. Henri believed that art should reflect the world around us and that the subject matter of art should be drawn from everyday life, rather than from the idealized images of the past. He wanted the subject of Ashcan School art to be the people and places of the city, including its working-class neighborhoods, tenements, and street scenes. Henri's artistic experiences and education, as well as his teaching, were instrumental in shaping the direction of this new style of art.
3) "Both Members of this Club" by George Bellows is a painting that reflects the social and political climate of the early 20th century, when the United States was experiencing rapid industrialization and urbanization, leading to a growing divide between the wealthy and the working class. The painting is a critique of the social and economic inequality of the time, as well as a commentary on the corrupting influence of power and privilege. Visually, the painting exhibits several characteristics of the Ashcan School style, including bold, thick brushstrokes, dark, earthy colors, naturalistic figures, and asymmetrical composition.