The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications that were built over 2,000 years ago to protect China from invaders. The construction of the Great Wall began in the 7th century BC, during the Zhou dynasty, and continued through the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). The wall stretches for over 13,000 miles, and is one of the world's most famous landmarks.
The Great Wall was not built in a single project but was constructed over many centuries, with different rulers and dynasties adding to it. The first walls were built in the 7th century BC by various states that were vying for power during the Spring and Autumn Period. The walls were constructed using local materials such as mud, tamped earth, and stones.
During the Qin dynasty (221-206 BC), the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, began connecting the existing walls to form a continuous line of fortifications. The walls were rebuilt using more durable materials such as brick and stone. The wall was designed to protect China's northern borders from the Mongol tribes.
The Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) further expanded the wall, and it became an important transportation route for trade between China and the west. During the Northern Wei dynasty (386-534 AD), the wall was extended to its current length, stretching from the Yellow Sea to the Gobi Desert.
During the Ming dynasty, the wall was further expanded and strengthened. The Ming dynasty walls were built with bricks and stone, and the wall's width was increased to allow for more soldiers to be stationed on top of it. The Ming dynasty also added watchtowers, barracks, and other defensive structures to the wall.
Today, the Great Wall of China is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and a popular tourist destination. While some sections of the wall have been restored and are well-preserved, others have fallen into disrepair. Nonetheless, the Great Wall remains an enduring symbol of China's strength and resilience.