The translated function is written as g(x) = f(x) - 3
How to write g in terms of f?
We can see that the graph of g(x) is just like the one of f(x), but it ins translated 3 units downwards.
For a general function f(x), a translation of N units is defined as:
g(x) = f(x) + N
if N > 0, the translation is up.
if N < 0, the translation is down.
Then a translation of 3 units down will just be written as:
g(x) = f(x) - 3