Answer:
The Ming Codes.
Conquest.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Ming used culture to gain and consolidate power by using the Ming Code while on the other hand, the Ottomans used politics to gain or consolidate power through conquests. Ming code refers to the law codes that regulated all the major aspects of social affairs, political, economic and military of the empire. The Ottomans started conquests with neighbor empires in order to expand its empire and maintain power.