1. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon double bonds.
it has functional group c=c and the IUPAC nomenclature for alkenes includes the prefix 'ene' to parent alkane for example - ethene, propene, etc.
2. Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon triple bonds.
it has functional group c=c (triple bond) and IUPAC nomenclature for alkenes includes the prefix 'yne' to parent alkene for example- ethyne, propyne, etc.
3. Alcohol is a organic compound which contains functional group (- OH)
hydroxyl functional group bounded to satorated hydrocarbon.
IUPAC nomenclature for alkenes includes the prefix 'ol' to parent alkene for example- ethanol, propanol, etc
4. aldehyde are organic compounds in which a carbon atom shares a double bond with an oxygen atom, a single bond with a hydrogen atom, and a single bond with another atom or group of atoms
aldehydes are named as derivatives of the longest carbon chain containing the aldehyde group. Thus, HCHO is named as a derivative of methane, and CH3CH2CH2CHO is named as a derivative of butane. The name is formed by changing the suffix -e of the parent alkane to -al, so that HCHO is named methanal.
Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (which contains a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). prefix 'one' os added in nomenclature for example, acetone.
5. a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (C(=O)OH)[1] attached to an R-group.