Main Idea 1: Imperialism refers to a system in which a country extends its power and influence over other countries or territories through economic, political, and military means.
Supporting Detail: For instance, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, European powers like Britain, France, and Germany sought to expand their influence and control over Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. They did so by establishing colonies, annexing territories, and creating spheres of influence.
Main Idea 2: Colonialism refers to the practice of a country or territory taking over and governing another country or territory.
Supporting Detail: For example, in the 16th century, Spain colonized parts of South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Spain established colonies, imposed its language, religion, and culture on the colonized people, and extracted resources to benefit the Spanish economy.
Main Idea 3: Imperialism and colonialism have had a lasting impact on the world, including on the politics, economics, and cultures of the colonized territories.
Supporting Detail: For instance, the legacy of colonialism in Africa includes the arbitrary borders and divisions created by European powers, the imposition of European languages and cultures, and the extraction of resources. These factors have contributed to instability and conflict in many African countries.
Main Idea 4: Imperialism and colonialism have been the subject of criticism and resistance from colonized people, as well as from some within the colonizing countries.
Supporting Detail: For example, Gandhi led a campaign of nonviolent resistance against British rule in India, which ultimately led to Indian independence. Similarly, anti-colonial movements emerged in Africa and Asia in the mid-20th century, leading to the decolonization of many territories.