There are many indirect uses of ecosystems that are often overlooked, but still play a vital role in sustaining human life and wellbeing. Here are some examples:
Climate regulation: Ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, and oceans help regulate the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in plants and soils.
Water purification: Ecosystems such as wetlands and forests act as natural filters, removing pollutants and sediment from water and improving its quality.
Nutrient cycling: Ecosystems help to recycle nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential for plant growth and agriculture.
Pollination: Ecosystems provide habitats for pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and birds, which play a critical role in food production.
Genetic resources: Ecosystems are a source of genetic diversity, which is important for developing new crops, medicines, and other products.
Cultural values: Ecosystems have cultural and spiritual value for many communities around the world, and are often the basis for traditional knowledge and practices.
Recreation and tourism: Ecosystems provide opportunities for recreation and tourism, such as hiking, camping, and wildlife watching, which can have economic benefits for local communities.
Carbon sequestration: Ecosystems such as forests and wetlands can store large amounts of carbon, helping to mitigate climate change.
Flood control: Ecosystems such as wetlands and riparian areas can help prevent flooding by absorbing and slowing down water.
Coastal protection: Ecosystems such as mangrove forests and coral reefs provide natural protection against coastal erosion and storms.