The z-score formula is:
z = (x - μ) / σ
where x is the observed value, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation.
Substituting the given values:
z = (13 - 16) / 12
z = -0.25
Therefore, the z-score for a wide receiver who dropped 13 footballs over the course of a season is closest to option A: -3.