During the Victorian Era, Gothic writers often incorporated the perception of women who refused to conform to traditional female roles in society by portraying them as deviant and dangerous. These female characters were often depicted as mysterious and alluring, yet ultimately terrifying, as they challenged the patriarchal order and threatened the established social norms of the time.
Gothic writers often portrayed these non-conformist women as being possessed by supernatural forces or driven to madness by their rejection of traditional female roles. They were often associated with the figure of the witch or the femme fatale, who used their sexuality and powers to seduce and manipulate men.
At the same time, however, Gothic writers also used these non-conformist female characters to critique the limitations and oppressive nature of traditional gender roles. Through these characters, they explored issues such as female autonomy, sexual desire, and the role of women in society, challenging the dominant narratives and expectations of their time.