Final answer:
Terraced farming in the Andes allowed the creation of flat arable land on steep slopes, improved water management and soil conservation, and facilitated the growth of a variety of crops in micro-climates.
Step-by-step explanation:
Terraces were an essential agricultural innovation for farmers in the steep hillsides of the Andes. These terraced farms looked like giant steps carved into the mountainside, creating flat platforms of arable land in an otherwise difficult terrain for agriculture. The process of terracing involved constructing retaining walls, which were backfilled with loose stones to assist with drainage, and then topped with soil. This technique not only expanded the area available for cultivation but also helped in water management and soil conservation, effectively preventing soil erosion. Additionally, these terraces created micro-climates that allowed a variety of plants to flourish, enhancing agricultural productivity. The success of Andean agriculture, especially during the Inca period, can be attributed to these vast systems of terraces, which supported their economy and fed their large populations by enabling them to grow staple crops such as corn, potatoes, and other regional produce.