Final answer:
Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley proposed the Activation-Synthesis theory, which explains the occurrence of dreams during REM sleep.
Step-by-step explanation:
Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley proposed the theory of Activation-Synthesis to explain the occurrence of dreams during REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep.
According to this theory, dreams are a result of the random activation of neural circuits in the brainstem, which are then interpreted and synthesized into a coherent narrative by the cerebral cortex.
This theory suggests that dreams do not have any specific meaning or purpose, but are rather a byproduct of brain activity during sleep.