Final answer:
The bold, italicized phrases refer to significant challenges related to gender inequality and women's rights. They underscore the historical and ongoing efforts for female empowerment, drawing on the importance of advocacy for gender equality in various spheres of life.
Step-by-step explanation:
The bold, italicized phrases in the student's question are examples of issues that women have been advocating against for many years, including gender inequality, lack of bodily autonomy, and the impacts of institutionalized sexism. These phrases highlight ongoing struggles for women's rights and the importance of advocacy and social change.
Given the context provided in the examples, these issues encapsulate systemic problems that persist in society, like wage gaps, human trafficking, and gender biases in mental health diagnoses. The student's question draws attention to the historical and contemporary arguments for female empowerment and gender equality, both legally and socially.
Historically, first wave feminists fought for the right to economic independence, property rights, and the vote, seeing these as crucial tools for self-protection and social equity.
Notable figures like Kate Chopin and Shirley Jackson in literature, as well as activists like Hillary Clinton, have all contributed to the ongoing efforts to reclaim language and rights for women. In modern times, this struggle continues as women across the world still face inequities in education, employment, and freedom from violence and discrimination.