Final answer:
The incorrect statement about the Animal Welfare Act is that it aims to increase the number of primates used in animal testing; on the contrary, it sets standards for animal care and encourages the reduction and refinement of animal testing wherever possible.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement regarding the regulation of animal research under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) of 1966 that is not correct is "The Animal Welfare Act aims to increase the number of primates used in animal testing." The AWA was passed by Congress to promote more humane treatment in laboratories and has been amended to emphasize the importance of considering alternatives to procedures that may cause distress or pain to animals.
The Act specifies standards for the housing, feeding, cleanliness, and medical care of research animals and does not aim to increase the use of primates; rather, it encourages the reduction of animal testing where possible. The AWA is enforced by the USDA's Animal Plant Health and Inspection Services, and it supports the refinement of tests and experiments to ensure the best conditions for animals.
Additionally, the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (PHS Policy) complements the AWA by requiring federal research facilities to have an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) to oversee and review proposed animal research to ensure ethical standards are met. These measures serve to balance scientific research needs with the imperative for ethical and humane treatment of laboratory animals.