Muscles can become sore after rapid exercise when the body is lacking oxygen due to a process called delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). When you perform rapid or intense exercise, you place a lot of strain on your muscles. This can cause tiny tears in the muscle fibers, which can lead to inflammation and soreness. The soreness typically appears within a day or two after the exercise and can last for several days.
Lack of oxygen during exercise can also contribute to muscle fatigue, which can make you feel more sore after your workout. When your muscles are working hard, they need a constant supply of oxygen to produce energy and maintain their contractions. If there is not enough oxygen available, your muscles will become fatigued and may not be able to perform at the same level as they normally would. This can lead to additional muscle strain and soreness.