Final answer:
The concept that best describes the effects of prolonged bed-rest is muscle atrophy, which is characterized by muscle weakening and decreased protein content. Sleep deprivation can also have negative effects on mental and physical well-being, including decreased cognitive function and increased risk of various health issues. Prolonged bed-rest can also lead to the development of bedsores, which occur due to excessive pressure on bony body parts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept that best describes the effects of prolonged bed-rest is muscle atrophy. Prolonged periods of immobilization, such as extended bed rest or space travel, can lead to muscle weakening and atrophy. This is evidenced by a smaller number and size of muscle cells as well as lower protein content.
Furthermore, sleep deprivation can also have negative effects on the body, such as decreased mental alertness, cognitive function, and immune functioning. Lack of sleep can also result in depression-like symptoms, obesity, increased blood pressure, and increased levels of stress hormones. It is important to prioritize adequate sleep to maintain physical and mental well-being.
Lastly, excessive pressure on the skin and underlying tissues can cause bedsores. This condition occurs when there is constant, long-term, unrelieved pressure on certain bony body parts, leading to reduced blood flow and tissue death (necrosis). Bedsores are most common in immobile individuals, especially elderly patients with debilitating conditions.