Question

Which outcome(s) might result from the practice of coal switching?

I. decline in mining employment in high sulfur coal producing states
II. an increase in the acidity of rain downwind of the power plant
III. a decrease in the acidity of rain downwind of the power plant
IV. an increase in the price of emissions allowances

A: I and III only
B: II and IV only
C: III and IV only
D: IV only

Answer 1

Coal switching is likely to result in a decline in mining employment in areas that produce high-sulfur coal and a decrease in the acidity of rain downwind of power plants due to lower sulfur dioxide emissions. The correct outcomes from coal switching are I and III.

Step-by-step explanation:

Coal switching typically refers to the practice of switching from high-sulfur coal to low-sulfur coal to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is a contributor to acid rain. This practice can lead to multiple outcomes, including a decline in mining employment in regions that produce high-sulfur coal since the demand for this type of coal decreases. Subsequently, it can contribute to a reduction in the acidity of rain downwind of the power plant because of lower SO2 emissions. However, the transition to low-sulfur coal does not necessarily lead to an increase in the price of emissions allowances; rather, it may lead to a decreased demand for these allowances as the need for compliance with emission regulations is mitigated.

Therefore, the answer to which outcomes might result from the practice of coal switching is:

• Decline in mining employment in high sulfur coal producing states (I).
• A decrease in the acidity of rain downwind of the power plant (III).

Hence, the correct answer is: A: I and III only.