Final answer:
The genetic code is degenerate, which means multiple codons can encode the same amino acid, providing a buffer against mutations. For instance, the amino acid threonine is encoded by four different codons. The code's redundancy, particularly at the wobble position, ensures that proteins may remain functional despite some genetic changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The genetic code is indeed degenerate, meaning that most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. This redundancy in the code, particularly at the third nucleotide of a codon known as the 'wobble position,' allows for a certain level of protection against mutations. For example, the amino acid threonine is coded by the codons ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG. This aspect of the genetic code reduces the impact of random mutations, as a change in the third nucleotide often does not change the amino acid that is incorporated into a protein.
The genetic code is described as universal because, with few exceptions, it is the same across all organisms. The code comprises nucleotide triplets or codons, each corresponding to a single amino acid. Out of 64 possible codons, 61 code for amino acids while the remaining three are stop signals for protein synthesis. The redundancy of the genetic code plays a crucial role in maintaining protein function despite potential genetic mutations.