Question

Elongation Step 3: The movement of the ribosome down the mRNA in the _→_ direction; requires _ and hydrolysis of GTP to _; the tRNAs in the P and A sites are still attached to the mRNA through _-_ pairing, so they ____ move with the ribosome as it translocates, thus the progress of each tRNA through the ribosome in the course of elongation can be summarized as follows: cytoplasm → _ site → _ site → _ site → _ (remember that the initiator tRNA is an exception to this rule as it _ the A site)

Answer 1

During translation's elongation step 3, the ribosome moves in the 5' to 3' direction along mRNA with the help of EF-G and GTP hydrolysis, while tRNAs transition from the A site to the P site, then to the E site and exit.

Step-by-step explanation:

The elongation step 3 of translation involves the movement of the ribosome down the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction; this process requires the elongation factor known as EF-G (also called translocase) and the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. The tRNAs in the P and A sites are still attached to the mRNA through codon-anticodon pairing, so they also move with the ribosome as it translocates, maintaining the progression of the tRNA locations. The movement sequence of tRNA through the ribosome during elongation can be summarized as: cytoplasm → A site → P site → E site → exit. However, note that the initiator tRNA is an exception as it bypasses the A site.