Final answer:
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where consumption of gluten leads to the production of antibodies and damage to the small intestine's lining, preventing proper nutrient absorption. Diagnosis is through serological tests and treatment involves a strict gluten-free diet. Early detection is crucial for effective management and prevention of complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and certain other grains. Characterized by an abnormal immune response, it results in the presence of antigliadin and antiendomysial antibodies with damage to the lining of the small intestine, particularly the microvilli. This damage hampers nutrient absorption leading to symptoms like diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia. The diagnosis of celiac disease includes serological tests for the presence of antibodies primarily IgA to components of gluten, such as the transglutinaminase enzyme and autoantibodies to endomysium. Treatment involves a strict gluten-free diet to manage symptoms and prevent severe complications such as malnutrition and osteoporosis.
Like other autoimmune disorders, celiac disease manifests due to the interaction between genetic predispositions and environmental factors, such as the exposure to gluten. It can occur at any age but most commonly affects children and adults in their 30s and 40s. The long-term adherence to a gluten-free diet usually results in the improvement of symptoms and reduces the risk of associated health complications. Furthermore, serological screening surveys suggest that approximately 1% of individuals in the United Kingdom have positive antibodies associated with celiac disease, even if they are asymptomatic, stressing the importance of early recognition and dietary management.