Final answer:
Ischemia is a term describing decreased perfusion and oxygen delivery to the body, defined by BP = CO x SVR. Ischemia leads to hypoxia, which is especially dangerous for neuronal tissue. There are three main types of shock: cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and distributive.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used to describe decreased perfusion and oxygen delivery to the body is ischemia. Ischemia occurs when there is an insufficient blood flow to tissues, resulting in inadequate oxygenation, a condition known as hypoxia. Ischemia can be defined by the equation BP = CO x SVR where Blood Pressure (BP) is the pressure of blood in the arteries, Cardiac Output (CO) is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, and Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) is the resistance to blood flow offered by all of the systemic vasculature, except the pulmonary vasculature.
There are three main types of shock related to decreased perfusion and oxygen delivery:
- Cardiogenic shock, which results from the inability of the heart to maintain adequate cardiac output.
- Hypovolemic shock, related to a low blood volume due to bleeding or dehydration.
- Distributive shock, which includes septic shock, anaphylactic shock, and neurogenic shock, where blood distribution is affected by abnormal neural signals or response to allergens.
Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for the appropriate management of patients presenting with signs of inadequate perfusion and tissue oxygenation.