Final answer:
Hypertension is defined as having a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher, and over 95% of cases are primary hypertension caused by genetic and lifestyle factors. It poses significant health risks and is often symptomless, earning it the nickname 'silent killer.'
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Hypertension
Hypertension is defined as a chronic and persistent blood pressure measurement of 140/90 mm Hg or above. It is a major risk factor for serious health issues such as heart attacks, strokes, peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. Over 95% of hypertension cases are classified as primary hypertension, which is generally attributed to a combination of genetic factors and lifestyle choices, such as excessive salt and alcohol intake and a sedentary lifestyle. The remaining cases, known as secondary hypertension, are usually due to underlying conditions such as chronic kidney disease or hormonal disorders.
Because hypertension often does not present noticeable symptoms, it is referred to as the "silent killer." Regular blood pressure monitoring and management, which can include dietary changes, increased physical activity, and medication, are essential for individuals with hypertension.