Final answer:
Acute rheumatic fever is a sequel to a beta-hemolytic strep infection of the pharynx, diagnosed with Jones criteria, and involves arthritis and carditis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a systemic immune process that is a sequel of beta-hemolytic strep infection of the pharynx. It is diagnosed based on Jones criteria, which takes into account clinical manifestations such as arthritis and carditis. ARF can follow a streptococcal infection, which is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a bacterium that leads to conditions such as strep throat. The acute-phase proteins and antibiotics like amoxicillin are crucial in the treatment and prevention of the complications of streptococcal infections.
Sequelae such as ARF and acute glomerulonephritis occur in a small percentage of untreated cases, where an immune response to the infection leads to inflammation and tissue damage. This is why prompt diagnosis and treatment with antimicrobial agents are vital in preventing such complications.