Final answer:
Encoding failure, imaginative inflation, misinformation, and schemas negatively influence memory by causing forgetting, distortion, and intrusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
Encoding failure, imaginative inflation, misinformation, and schemas negatively influence memory by causing forgetting, distortion, and intrusion. Encoding failure occurs when information is not properly stored in memory, leading to difficulty in recalling it later on. Imaginative inflation refers to the phenomenon of false memories being created through imagination or suggestion. Misinformation occurs when exposure to inaccurate information leads to the misremembering of an event. Schemas, which are cognitive frameworks, can also distort memory by influencing how information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.