Final answer:
The Mongolian Empire controlled a vast territory from central Europe to the Pacific Ocean, including parts of Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. It was known for its military accomplishments and for promoting cultural exchange and trade under the Pax Mongolica.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Mongolian Empire, established in the early 13th century by Genghis Khan, became the largest contiguous land empire in world history. At the apex of its expansion, the empire extended from central Europe to the Pacific Ocean, encompassing a vast territory that was significantly larger than North America and roughly the size of the African continent.
Areas controlled by the Mongolian Empire included the vast Mongolian steppe north of China, regions of Central Asia, parts of the Middle East including the historic city of Baghdad, eastern European territories, and stretched as far as the borders of the Mediterranean Sea. The empire's military prowess was demonstrated through rapid cavalry-led conquests and mastery of siege warfare. Despite being known for their destructive nature, the Mongols also facilitated the Pax Mongolica, which encouraged trade and cultural exchanges across Eurasia. For instance, the Golden Horde held sway over parts of central Asia and the former territories of Rus (Russia) and northwest Asia.